Canine parafluenza is an infectious disease caused by Canine parafluenza virus (CPIV) mainly manifested as respiratory symptoms. Clinically, it is characterized by fever, runny nose and cough, cataract rhinitis and bronchitis. It is one of the pathogens of kennel cough in the baby dogs and mainly infects young dogs.
[Pathogenesis and Epidemiology]
1. Pathogen: Canine parainfluenza virus belongs to the Paramyxovirus family, Paramyxovirus, and single-strand RNA virus. The natural infection pathway is mainly the respiratory tract.
2. Source of infection: acute-stage disease dogs are the main source of infection.
3. Susceptible animals: Dogs of all breeds, ages and genders can be infected, but puppies have a serious infection and a longer course of disease.
4. Epidemic characteristics: The disease can occur in different seasons. Poor sanitation conditions, congestion, long-distance transportation, and stress can aggravate the disease. Most of them are sudden outbreaks and large-scale epidemics. This disease is prevalent in almost all countries in the world. The main manifestations are: respiratory cataract inflammation, cough, initially flowing with a large amount of serous flow, and then mucous and opaque nasal secretions.
Clinical characteristics: The disease occurs rapidly and the infection is fast. It often occurs first in a litter of dogs in the dog farm and then spreads rapidly throughout the dog farm, showing an outbreak and epidemic. Sick dogs have dry cough, serous or mucous rhinoplasty, fatigue, and lack of energy. The course of the disease can reach more than 3 weeks. If it is mixed with mycoplasma or Boretiella bronchial sepsis (i.e., canine kennel cough), the condition will worsen.
Some dogs show symptoms such as hindquarter paralysis and motor disorder after infection. If this disease is not concurrent or secondary infection, the prognosis is generally good and the mortality rate is low. However, the sick dog is young and improperly treated, which can easily lead to death.
【Narrative Lesion】
Dead dogs can see serous or mucous purulent nasal secretions around the nostrils, conjunctivitis, inflammatory changes in tonsils, trachea, bronchial and lungs, and sometimes a bit of bleeding in the lungs. Neurotype dead dogs may have acute encephalomyelitis and hydrocephalus.
[Diagnosis]
Combined with the clinical symptoms and epidemiological and anatomical changes of this disease, a preliminary diagnosis can be made. The clinical symptoms of respiratory infectious diseases in dogs are very similar. Differential diagnosis should be carried out by laboratory examination methods, and cell culture can be isolated and pathogens can be identified. Serum neutralization test and hemagglutination inhibition test to check whether the antibody titer of double serum increases, epidemiological investigations and retrospective diagnosis of this disease.
【Treatment】
Treatment is mainly symptomatic treatment and prevention of secondary infection.
For dogs with dry cough, compound licorice mixture, federal cough relief, etc., and ultrasonic aerosol therapy can be used for dogs with severe cough. Dogs with poor appetite can intravenously inject isotonic glucose solution, and pay attention to supplementing ATP, Coenzyme A, vitamin C, and B vitamins; this disease is often secondary to infection with Boregiococcus bronchial sepsis and mycoplasma. To prevent secondary infection, pioneer, lincomycin, ampicillin, etc. can be used; virazole, etc. can be used for antiviral infection; to improve resistance, high-free serum or intravenous serum albumin can be given.
【Prevention】
The prevention of this disease is mainly immunization. Currently, domestically, dogs containing dog parainfluenza attenuated vaccines are mostly used for six-fold attenuated vaccines and five-fold attenuated vaccines. Generally, puppies are exempted from the first time at 6 to 8 weeks old, and are vaccinated three times in a period of 2 weeks, which can achieve good results. Since this disease is mainly transmitted through the air through the respiratory tract, it will spread to the entire dog group quickly once it occurs and is difficult to control.